Regulatory instruments
Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI, CETS No. 225 (in force 1 November 2025)
Claim
Adopted by the Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers on 17 May 2024 and opened for countries to sign on 5 September 2024 in Vilnius. It is the first international AI treaty that is legally binding. It came into force on 1 November 2025, once the United Kingdom, France, Norway and others had ratified it (the trigger was five signatories, including at least three Council of Europe members). Early signatories include the EU, the US, the UK, Andorra, Georgia, Iceland, Norway, Moldova, San Marino and Israel. It was negotiated by the 46 Council of Europe member states, the EU, and 11 non-member states (Argentina, Australia, Canada, Costa Rica, Holy See, Israel, Japan, Mexico, Peru, US, Uruguay).
Sources
- Council of Europe, CETS No. 225 (full text) ↗
- Council of Europe, “Council of Europe opens first ever global treaty on AI for signature,” 5 September 2024 ↗
- BABL AI, “Council of Europe Opens Historic AI and Human Rights Treaty for Signatures,” updated August 2025 ↗
Referenced in
- Framework §2
- AI-SAF-N Regulatory pillar
- Refining §3.8